Branching structure against a pale sky.

Instrument · Module 5

The tree, and the receipt a voter is handed

A demonstration log is built in this browser and a receipt is issued for one custody event.

What an inclusion proof establishes

A Merkle tree lets you prove that one specific record is part of a published set, without revealing the rest of the set. The voter receives a short proof and checks it with a tool the election office does not control.

What it proves: this specific custody event, for this specific ballot envelope, was part of the record the office published at that time — and that record has not been altered since.